Toxicity of Silver Nanoparticles: Impacts on Human Health and Environmental Safety, and the Role of Green Synthesis as an Eco-Friendly Approach

Document Type : Review article

Authors

1 Aswan University

2 Zoology Dept., Faculty of science, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt.

Abstract

Nanotechnology involves the manipulation of materials at the nanoscale, enabling the development of innovative applications across various fields, including medicine, electronics, and environmental science. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), renowned for their unique physical and chemical properties, are widely used due to their strong antimicrobial effects, particularly in biomedical applications such as wound care, drug delivery, and medical device coatings. However, concerns about their potential toxicity to human health and the environment have raised alarms. In response, researchers are turning to safer, eco-friendly green synthesis methods, such as using Aloe vera extracts, which not only enhance the stability and functionality of the nanoparticles but also provide a sustainable alternative to traditional chemical processes. Despite the benefits, AgNPs have been linked to oxidative stress, inflammation, and damage to vital organs like the liver, kidneys, spleen, and reproductive tissues. These findings underscore the need for further investigation into the safety of AgNPs, along with the continued exploration of green synthesis techniques that could mitigate their toxic effects while retaining their desirable properties.

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